Job Choosing Essays - Washington Metropolitan Area, Baltimore

Job Choosing Choosing a particular job is a hard decision. Many things have to be considered about the possible place of employment to make the job search as beneficial as possible. The salary, benefits, commute time, and location are among the important to review. To further explore this question, the location will be considered more in depth. The location of the job opportunity also includes all of the demographic information that is needed to make a decision. This geographic and statistical information plays a major role in selection of a certain job in a certain area. The main demographic areas that are mainly considered are: Median income Home value Population Cost of Living Crime These main statistics are the core to which the job selection relative to choice of residency is to be considered. An article by Donald Houston in "Urban Studies" suggests that, "jobs are closely related to the surrounding neighborhoods"(Houston). This further explains the importance of selecting the right area based on other aspects than just the job itself. For technical careers, such as the computer and information technology jobs, the possibilities for employment are endless. According to an article in U.S. News and World Report, "technical fields are booming and the career opportunities are limitless"(Saltzman). The article goes on to explain that"tech jobs are expected to grow by 1.4 million from 1992 and 2005, and job openings will double in the decade ahead"(Saltzman). Because of these prophecies made, the options that a person can explore searching for an information technology job are endless. Because of the abundance of these jobs, the seeker can look more closely at the geographic and demographic benefits of the surrounding areas. Within the Baltimore and surrounding areas, many places of interest are available that have job opportunities. The job locations that will be considered include Owings Mills, Bel Air, Laurel, Gaithersburg, Columbia, and Annapolis. Also, in a broader level, some aspects of the counties in which these selected cities are located will explored. They all have similar, yet different locations relative to the Baltimore area, which is the general area to be explored. In addition, each employment opportunity holds true to be relatively equal to one another by further exploration including the type of job and the salary. This will put more emphasis on the geographic and demographic features of the selected cities and not on the employment opportunity itself. As mentioned earlier, the main points of interest to e considered within the selected cities are income, home value, population, cost of living, and the crime. This will prove to be all of the necessary information needed to select an area that is most suitable and is the best possible personal choice in regards to the demographic information provided in relation to the job itself. More importantly, this information will be accessed using Arcview's esridata and the Homeview webpage. In addition to the basic demographic data provided, many others will be added additionally. Crime rate, cost of living, and the ration of blacks to whites will be explored and included with the original data collected. Upon research of the relevant cities that the possible employment openings exist, the following results were allocated: Owings Mills (Balt. County)-- City pop- 33,833 Median income- $41,764 Home value- $160,000 County pop- 722,700 Crime index- 133 (U.S. average = 100) Cost living index- 102 (U.S. average = 100) 15 miles from Baltimore city; 35 miles from D.C. Laurel (Prince Georges County)-- City pop- 21,851 Median income- $44,651 Home value- $126,000 Crime index- 109 Cost living index- 96.8 20 miles from Baltimore city and D.C. Bel Air (Harford County)-- City pop- 10,049 Median income- $42,994 Home value- $149,800 Crime index- 14 Cost living index- 99.9 23 miles from Baltimore city Gaithersburg (Montgomery County) City pop- 11,000 Median income- $55,730 Home value- $180,000 Crime index- 237 Cost living index- 110 24 miles from D.C. Annapolis (Anne Arundel County)? City pop- 33,200 Median income- $36,833 Home value- $189,000 Crime index- 154 Cost living index- 112 30 miles from Baltimore city and D.C. Columbia (Howard County)? City pop- 84,986 Median income- $56,179 Home value- $185,000 Crime index- 100 Cost living index- 110 21 miles from Baltimore city; 24 miles from D.C. The research and data presented above poses valuable points of interest that deals with the analysis and search for the optimal area to

Remember When essays

Remember When essays Remember when... we were in fear for our lives but it wasn't because of drive by shootings, drugs, gangs, etc. Our parents and grandparents were a much bigger threat!!!!!!!!!!! This is a quote by Shau Marie, a woman from Wisconsin talking about the way discipline has changed over the years. She was more afraid of what her parents would do you her than being sent to her principles office. Strict discipline is a thing of the past. Things have changed since then. Some people would say for the better, but I would say for the worse. Ask anyone on the street if the modern day family has changed and most of the people asked would say yes. The family has changed and one of the main changes is discipline. It has gone from very strong and strict to almost non-existent. We need to incorporate some of the strict old-fashioned upbringing and discipline used in the past with the new ideas of today. Some of the most important and basic aspects of the discipline of the past were fear and respect. If we establish these same values in the children of today they will in return show respect and appreciation to those around them. Fear was one of the ways to discipline children in the past. Fear is defined as a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined; the feeling or condition of being afraid. It is a known a fact that a person who thinks him/her is in danger that they will do anything to get out of it. One of the ways that a parent or teacher would install this fear is by threatening the child. A threat could be as simple as a verbal warning or as harsh as a belt or switch being shown. A mild way of carry out this type of discipline would be a simple verbal warning or guilt trip. They can both cause remorse and fear when done sparingly. If used often, they tend to loose their effect. An example of both of these would be If you...

Assig 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assig 14 - Essay Example It runs deep within the corporate culture. Worth remarked, â€Å"Culture comes from purpose. They changed their purpose from quality to growth and the behavior changed accordingly. In a sense, with that change in purpose, some trouble was inevitable.†(Worth,2010) At the same time, Toyota found itself struggling to inculcate newcomers in the companys unique culture -- The Toyota Way. Kazuo Akatsuka, 55, saw the generational change first-hand and worried at the signs of change..(Layne et.al, 2010) b.2) Family ownership of the Toyoda family of the company. Ownership and Leadership can be considered as a deterrent factor for innovations in the company. If the owner and at the same time head or CEO is weak, then failures of the company could be reflective of a bad leadership. For example, Reuter’s article described, â€Å" Toyota President Akio Toyoda was criticized for not acting quickly enough when the automakers safety issues first came to light earlier this year †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kim, C.R., 2010). Primarily, to address the quality sleepage in view of the total recall campaign, Toyota now commits to achieve â€Å"zero customer complaints† (Toyota, 2010) and its strategies are more inclined to be Incremental technological innovation characterized by technological change that represents a continual refinement of some base technology. Now that they have discovered the root of the problem, TMC vowed to stretch out their workforce to do the refinements. (Layne,et.al.,2010) After years of sterling reliability and the final setback with the Total Recall Campaign, President A. Toyoda remarked, "We need a renewed commitment to placing customers first and to reviewing all our work processes from the customers perspective," (Kim, 2010). The above question would be similar to Takeuchi’s question â€Å"how does the company (TMC) cope up with the hazards of constant change and growth?â€Å" The answer is they

The influence of technology or media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The influence of technology or media - Essay Example I have seen people doing their best to make sure that they have remained one step ahead of the technological advancements and adopted them so that they can be deemed as socially acceptable. This is the basis of my understanding as far as technology and its different tools are concerned in this day and age. This paper takes a keen look at some of the similar subjects and aspects related with technology, and highlighted where my domains have been strengthened over the years. I have seen technology to have grown by leaps and bounds in the recent past since it has touched chords with how people have incorporated it within their lives. I have seen technology to have made its mark even within the most conventional of systems. It has made me feel at ease with how revolution has come in and allowed me to comprehend the nuances of life and science in particular. I have seen my family members and friends learning quite a few new aspects related with technology. I have witnessed them being interested in the technological advancements and taking keen enthusiasm under the aegis of new gadgets, features and tools. I opine that this is an advancement of sorts which has come out as a progression in these times. I have noticed that people feel strongly about technology and are generally unhappy if they miss out on any new technological innovation that comes to the fore. Similarly, the teenagers have the most pivotal connection with technology because they are always r elated with new gadgets and tools, and are on the lookout for changes, advancements and updates as and when these arrive. This is the reason why success has been related with technology for just about everyone. Some of the stories that I can tell regarding the usage of technology have basically been limited to my exposures. The role of technology has also been apparent within the social networks like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, different

How are women represented in the Ramayana story Essay

How are women represented in the Ramayana story - Essay Example The epic, in totality, describes victory of goodness over evil through the virtues of love, honesty, truth, respect, and dignity. Ramayana has been translated, rewritten and reinterpreted by many scholars in various Indian languages. The author, R.K.Narayan, has followed the work of Kamban, a famous Tamil poet of the 11th century A.D, in his narration of The Ramayana (p.xii). While the Ramayana describes the greatness of Rama, son of King Dasaratha, the epic highlights depth of every relation; for example, that of the son, the teacher, the father, the mother, the brother, the sister, the daughter, the King, the Soldier, and the servant. Parallely, it also describes the role of the man and woman on this earth. Ever since history was discovered, the Hindu mythology always regarded woman with great respect and dignity, next to the Almighty, himself. Scholars have also stated that even God, himself, bows down only in front of this mother. Even Ramayana describes woman with the same dignity and respect. The author’s narration of the story of Thataka, a ferocious female demon, depicts Rama’s hesitation to kill her on the orders of teacher Vishwamitra because killing a woman was against his principles. Then the author refers to the teacher’s statement made to Rama, ‘a woman of demoniac tendencies loses all consideration to be treated as a woman’ (p.13). This explains that woman is considered to be a life-giver and deserves the ultimate position of respect that any human being can ever receive. Any woman that cannot personify that ideal figure and causes destruction, is not worthy of living. In the context of power and control, the author refers to Vishwamitra’s narration of the story of Ganga to Rama. In this context, Ganga, the holy river is gendered as female (p.16). In his narration Ganga is all powerful, and convincing Ganga for a cause

Impact of exchange rate on the economy

Impact of exchange rate on the economy A countrys exchange rate is explicitly the currency value at which it transacts business with other countries around the world. It determines how much would be an equivalent of its currency which would be used to purchase goods and services from other countries around the global world. The world is a global market that needs a form of agreement in terms of currency at which it trades. The essence of a fixed exchange rate system is to maintain a countrys currency value  within a very narrow band.  This is also regarded as pegged exchange rate. The exchange rate in question depends on the form or type which the government of the country chooses to adopt or to use. OBJECTIVE To discuss issues as they will affect certainty in international trade when all countries adopt a fixed exchange rate. The issues to consider include: Types of exchange rate How exchange rate changes Impact of exchange rate on the economy both nationally and internationally Understanding of fixed exchange rate from demand and supply perspective. IMPACT OF THE ADOPTION OF A FIXED EXCHANGE RATE ON INTERNATIONAL MARKET. In the history of financial world there exists various international monetary systems and foreign exchange rate which not only manage domestic economy of country but also international trade issue. These include: Fixed rate Floating rate Forward rate Spot rate Future rate Amongst these, we shall critically examine the fixed rate and how it can affect international trade as a whole. FIXED RATES According to the writer of ehow found on http://www.ehow.com/list_6804540_types-foreign-exchange-rates.html viewed on 30/12/10 it writes The smaller economies of developing countries adopt the use of fixed foreign exchange rates for trading and to attract foreign investments. By fixing its currency against the currencies of other countries, a country keeps export prices affordable and easy to international buyers and allows for trade surplus over time. Fixed currency rates also allow a country to assure foreign investors of the stable value of their investments in the country. However, under fixed rates, the monetary policies of a country can become ineffective when trying to stimulate domestic economic activities by consumers at the host country. Injecting more money into the economy would normally reduce a countrys currency value against foreign currencies under floating rates. As imports become more expensive, consumers would gradually focus their demand on domestic products, potentially lifting up the economy. With fixed rates, however, the exchange value of domestic currency does not move and more money means more buying power for imports. Such an outcome does not achieve policy makers intention to increase domestic demand. This is expedient in order to ensure that there is a close gap which would assist balance of payment; the international economy would be appreciative of a fixed rate of exchange as it would allow for free f low goods and services at a predicted price. (Reference: http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/confs/1993/intro-93.pdf assessed on 30/12/10) From the above citation from Adrian, it is obvious that fixed exchange rate has its benefits too which would help the international market. Below are some of the merits and demerits of the fixed exchange rate. MERITS OF FIXED EXCHANGE RATE 1. It reduces fluctuation in the value of currencies which can cause problems for firms engaged in Trade. When exchange rate is fixed, it allows for comfort in the desire of the foreign customers who wants to trade with the host country as they would know that the price agreed on for the commodities at the stated time would still be at a given exchange rate. Though the price of the commodity might change, but the exchange rate is known. 2. It allows for foreign firms to invest in countries where fixed exchange rate occurs. Some Japanese firms have said that the UKs reluctance to join the Euro and provide a stable exchange rates make the UK a less desirable place to invest. 3. When the cost of import and export increases, it will therefore increase the income of the host country and the other countries involved. 4. A well monitored exchange rate would assist the domestic companies to sell out there products to the international world without fear of pressure from exchange rate differences, thereby increasing the domestic market and encouraging the local manufacturers to produce more of their products which would be used for international trade. 5. Fixed exchange rate reduces drastically the expectations of inflation in an economy.  Inflation is reduced to a minimal if not zero. This is due to the fact that the one of the major factors that would have allowed for inflation which is differing exchange rate is absent. DEMERITS OF FIXED EXCHANGE RATES 1. To maintain a fixed level of the exchange rate may conflict with other macroeconomic objectives. 2. It is difficult to respond to temporary shocks. For example an oil importer may face a balance of payments deficit if oil price increases, but in a fixed exchange rate there is little chance to devalue. 3. It requires government intervention when there exists too much money in circulation and the fixed rate is affecting the countrys currency adversely. 4. In order to check the problems that may accrue to the countrys currency, the central bank with the government may have to increase interest rate which may not be conducive to the citizenry, leads to unemployment and might lead to recession. (Reference: http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/exchangerate/advantages-disadvantages-fixed.html assessed on 30/12/10) CONCLUSION From the above mentioned issues on foreign exchange basically on fixed and floating foreign exchange, it is obvious that the floating system of exchange would be better off as the dangers of fixed would be avoided. This is also the system widely used by most countries i.e. the floating exchange rate as it helps to readjust during inflation and deflation. Under a system of fixed exchange rates balance of payments equilibrium is disturbed by a fall in export sales. When the supply curve of foreign exchange moves sharply and the authorities do nothing, an excess demand for foreign exchange will come on the market and thereby causing the exchange rate to rise which means the home currency would depreciate. In order to guard against such happening the home authorities must enter the market, and close the gap by supplying foreign exchange from reserves. Thus the home currency may be supported at cost to the countrys reserves. This would drastically affect the financial reserve of the count ry. However, the implication of the adverse effect on the domestic market is also very crucial. But this is where the government intervention now matters. The government of the concerned countries would buy the currency which is in excess from the market so as to avoid deflation of its currency which could lead to a devastating market economy. A good example is the government of Australia as written by Adrian Blundell-Wignall. He wrote Australias economic relations with the rest of the world have undergone profound change over the past decade. The floating of the exchange rate opened goods markets to greater international competition and Australias pattern of international trade changed considerably. Concomitantly, increasing integration into world financial markets saw Australia drawing more heavily on foreign capital. In the past 15 years, two broad developments in the world economy have been particularly significant for Australia: financial market liberalisation and the emergence of t he newly industrialising countries in Asia. From the late 1970s, financial liberalisation (and, in particular, the removal of capital controls) made financial markets increasingly globalised. At times, these developments were associated with speculative capital flows that undermined attempts to reconcile managed exchange rates with domestic macroeconomic objectives. At the end of 1983, against the background of more general moves to deregulate the financial system, the Australian dollar was floated. Australia is a small commodity exporting country, subject to significant terms of trade shocks driven by the world commodity price cycle. Once the currency was floated, the nominal exchange rate was able to respond more rapidly to these external shocks, helping to cushion the domestic economy from the inflationary and deflationary pressures to which they gave rise. For example, falls in the terms of trade have been associated with real depreciation which has reduced the negative income effects of the terms of trade decline on exporters and has added stabilising stimulatory influence to the domestic economy. While movements in the currency have been largely driven by commodity prices, it is widely felt that the depreciation in the mid-1980s went beyond that justified by fundamentals. While the real exchange rate recovered in the second half of the 1980s and fell again in the early 1990s, in line with the behaviour of the terms of trade, the overall trend in the past two decades has been one of real depreciation. This downward trend in the real exchange rate occurred at a time when Australia also began to cumulate significantly larger external deficits, so that foreign debt was rising as a share of income. This too can be linked to the globalisation of world capital markets. The greater degree of integration of Australia into world financial markets meant that it became easier to attract capital from the rest of the world to finance investment independently of the level of national saving. There were two major investment booms in the 1980s associated with high real exchange rates and current account deteriorations. The first occurred around the time of the second oil price rise in the late 1970s/early 1980s, and resulted largely from improved prospects for the ene rgy and minerals sectors. The second was associated with the asset price boom later in the decade. Both episodes were accompanied by a build-up in Australias foreign liabilities and were followed by a world recession and falling commodity prices.

Adult Day Care Centers

Adult Day Care Centers Naomi Noel University of the Rockies Abstract Adult day cares have not received the acclaim due. They are an invaluable part of the communities that they serve. They incorporate succinct mission statements to effectively get their point across while also employing a wide range of professionals to better serve their clientele. The utilize needs based assessment tools for enrollment as well as needs assessment surveys to gather information from the surrounding community. The chain of command is laid out so that ethical guidelines can easily be established and appropriately enforced.They also referrals to agencies better equipped to handle particular situations in order to better serve their clientele. Within the next five to ten years, the need for their services will increase. However, unless federal guidelines change and more funding is established the current trend of only operating for a few years will continue. Adult Day Care Centers The majority of in-home care providers for physically or cognitively disabled adults are family members, generally an adult child or a spouse. Without the care of these family members, many adults would require nursing home care.Family caregivers are extremely valuable, but often need additional help in caring for a loved one. Caregiving can take an enormous toll, both financially and physically. Adult day care can provide needed respite from caregiving and may reduce the need for a nursing home. An adult day care center, also commonly known as adult day services or adult day health care, is a non-residential facility providing activities for elderly and/or handicapped individuals. While centers of this kind are available, they often have waitlists due to the high demand.Most centers operate 10 – 12 hours per day and provide meals, social/recreational outings, and general supervision. Adult daycare centers operate under a social model and/or a health care model. Daycare centers may focus on providin g care only for persons with Alzheimer's and related dementias or their services may be available for any disabled adult. The original concept was to provide a â€Å"sitting service† as it were to provide activities and stimulation for care-recipients in an environment outside of the home.The care-recipient would receive supervision and possibly some limited care while the caregiver would have a break from the routine of daily caregiving thus allowing them to take care of other responsibilities or simply have time to themselves. This also allowed peace and quiet to relieve the stress of caregiving. The care center might offer transportation at a nominal additional cost to transport the loved one to and from the center. This initial model is still around but it has undergone some tweaking in order to prove profitable.There are now three basic models for adult day care that were developed mostly so the government would be inclined to contribute financially. The traditional mode l with social services, activities, crafts and some individualized attention; the medical model with all of the aforementioned services plus skilled services such as nurses, therapist, psychiatrists and geriatric physicians; and the Alzheimer’s model with services specifically designed to support and care for Alzheimer’s patients. Participation in adult day care often prevents re-hospitalizations and may delay admission to residential long term care.For participants who would otherwise want to stay at home alone, the social stimulation and recreational activities may improve or maintain physical and cognitive function. Adult Day Care Centers are designed to provide care and companionship for seniors who need assistance or supervision during the day. The goals of the programs are to delay or prevent institutionalization by providing alternative care, to enhance self-esteem and to encourage socialization. (Eldercare. gov, 2012) A mission statement defines an organization s fundamental purpose.It answers the basic questions of why the organization exists while describing the needs that it is attempting to meet. It also provides the basis for judging the success of the organization and is capable of attracting donors and volunteers while simultaneously encouraging community involvement. Your mission statement embraces the reasons your practice exists (besides just making a living for you and your staff), the core values your organization shares and expresses through its work, how you serve your key stakeholders, and your overarching (sometimes idealistic) goals. Urology Times, 2011) The mission statement of the adult day care center created for this paper would read as follows: To provide a secure and nurturing environment for clients who need social environment, consistent supervision and loving assistance. This mission statement sums up the goals for the center in a concise manner while offering reassurance to the client’s primary caregivers. The list of professionals necessary for organizational success includes licensed nurses, certified nursing assistants, a certified nutritionist, a physical therapist and an occupational therapist.These employees are the ones who would be required to have a degree, licensure or certification in their respective areas. This does not include staff such as receptionists and bookkeeping. The licensed nurses would be responsible for the overall day-to-day operation of the center and particularly ensuring that the center is operating according to state licensing regulations and health department policies and procedures. They would supervise the nursing assistants and medication staff while also reviewing client history prior to admission to the facility and conducting admission assessment conferences.The certified nursing assistants (CNAs) would be responsible for assisting with overall client care including but not limited to assessment, care planning, mobility, safety, comfort, and unit efficiency. The medication staff’s only role would be to ensure the proper storing and dispensing of client prescriptions. Next would be a nutritionist. Nutritionists play a preventative role while offering education about what kind of foods are consumed. They offer menu suggestions and assist with understanding the connection between food and emotions.They would be a vital member of the center’s team since the typical center serves breakfast and lunch and an afternoon snack. The final professionals necessary for a creditable adult day care center are an occupational therapist and a physical therapist. Occupational therapists are proficient in modifying the physical environment as well as training the individual in the proper use of assistive equipment to increase independence. They also emphasize helping their patients engage in meaningful activities of daily living (ADLs).Physical therapists are trained to identify and maximize quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation. Their primary focus is on the physical, psychological, emotional, and social well-being of the client. While each of these specialists concentrates on differing characteristics of care, they do experience some vocational overlap which allows them to work well in tandem. The physical and occupational therapists would be contracted out of reimbursement purposes.It is important that the timing of each unit of therapy is not inclusive of any other treatments. The clients would be timed from when the actual therapies or services begin. This would not include time for restroom breaks, waiting for someone to get ready or clothing changes. Adhering to these policies allows clients to receive quality therapeutic services while keeping the overall costs down. Needs based assessment tools are a vital part of the overall blueprint for adult day care center enrollment.These assessments allow the facility to obtain data from potential clientele in order to evaluate whether or not the center can address the client’s diverse needs. Some of the more common tools include psychological, physical, leisure interest, nutritional and risk assessments. Some facilities may elect to include financial and estate planning depending on availability and demand. Most states require a licensed nurse to conduct the psychological assessment portion of a patient's intake process. One of the most common assessment instruments in use is the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).The MMSE is a brief assessment of the cognitive state of the adult client. The instrument screens for impairment in cognition, estimates the severity of impairment at a specific point in time (usually during intake) and can be used to reassess and follow changes in the individual's mental state over time or to document changes that happen as a result of therapy or applied therapeutic support services. The nu rse typically obtains copies of any formal psychological evaluations and assessments that have been completed within the past ten years. State minimum standards outline what sorts of physical evaluation are needed.Standard tests include height, weight, blood pressure, respiration and temperature. A nurse also obtains and reviews the patient's medical history from his doctor and follows up with questions about specific conditions that may affect the patient's care plan. At this time, the patient's family and the nurse develop or make a copy of the patient's advance directive, which lays out the patient's wishes in case extraordinary medical intervention is needed to keep him alive. This documentation is crucial especially when working with the elderly. The center activity director (AD) conducts a leisure/recreational interest inventory of the patient.The inventory is a check-off list of recreational activities that the person either enjoys or does not enjoy to varying degrees. By ide ntifying recreational interests of each new patient, the AD can structure an activities program so that activities not only meet physical, mental and social needs in a therapeutic way but also engage the patient. The center's consulting nutritionist may perform their own client assessment while also looking at the care plan drawn up by the center treatment team to incorporate the patient's special dietary needs into the center's meal and snack menus.Clients with special dietary needs may require a detailed meal plan be designed. The nutritionist is also in charge of monitoring the client to ensure that the diet is satisfactory. As part of the intake process, the entire treatment team considers physical, social and mental limitations faced by the patient in addition to special needs, flight risk, fall risk, seizure potential or other possible risks in providing care to the patient. The team as a whole weighs risks, develops strategies and addresses risk factors to be incorporated int o the patient's treatment plan.The family will eventually meet with the bookkeeping staff, to assess family financial resources, insurance (including Medicare and Medicaid) and other social service resources while developing a care contract and payment plan. At this time, the staff typically provides a copy of the center's family handbook to the patient's caregivers with center policies and procedures as well as general information about operations, hours, types of services offered and terms of service.The chain of command is defined as â€Å"The order in which authority and power in an organization is wielded and delegated from top management to every employee at every level of the organization† (Business Dictionary. com, 2012). The clearer cut the chain of command, the more effective the decision making process and greater the efficiency. Military forces are an example of straight chain of command, extending in an unbroken line from the top brass to ranks. However, this ill ustration is not conducive to the requirements of an adult day care center.Chain of command is considered very important in organizations because it enhances the effectiveness of the management. The chain of command clearly shows the line of authority and responsibility in the organization, therefore, it really plays an important role in the organizations. Following is a more appropriate chain of command sequences for a facility of this nature. This type of chain is more of a pyramid and is well-suited to the organization’s needs.Volunteering, in the sense of carrying out tasks or providing services for individuals or community organizations without financial recompense, is generally considered an altruistic activity, intended to promote good or improve human quality of life. It is considered as serving the society through one's own interests, personal skills or learning, which in return produces a feeling of self-worth and respect, instead of money. Volunteering is also famo us for skill development, socialization and fun. It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment or for a variety of other reasons.Community volunteers would be a substantial part of the center’s staff as their involvement is capable of forging friendship with the clients. It is essential for an agency of this capacity to be knowledgeable about other services and facilities that the clientele can benefits from. The benefit of this is two-fold. First, you show your clients and their families that you really want them to succeed. Second, this service allows you to network with other agencies providing them with additional clientele. If the experience is positive (for all parties involved), then it is likely that they will return the favor.Collaboration among agencies is the key to preventing fragmentation. In addition to reducing the likelihood of clients falling through the cracks between disparate and unconnected agencies, collaboration can foster a more holistic view of the client. Sometimes just a simple change of perspective can make the difference between circumstances being viewed as â€Å"needs† and being viewed as assets. For example, a single parent who cannot find a babysitter on a particular evening misses a treatment session. See Appendix for a suggested agency referral list. The ethical standards that govern the human services profession depend on many variables, including the human service professional’s level of education, professional license, and even the state in which they practice† (Martin, 2011). In the state of Oklahoma, an adult day care is required to have a designated administrator-of-record who has been licensed by the state. Because of the nature of this agency and the mandatory licensure, it falls under the umbrella of the Oklahoma State Board of Examiners for Long Term Care Administrators’ Code of Ethics which was adopted from the American College of Health Care Administrators’ C ode of Ethics.The abbreviated version contains four simple expectations. EXPECTATION I -Individuals shall hold paramount the welfare of persons for whom care is provided. EXPECTATION II – Individuals shall maintain high standards of professional competence. EXPECTATION III – Individuals shall strive, in all matters relating to their professional functions, to maintain a professional posture that places paramount the interests of the facility and its residents. EXPECTATION IV – Individuals shall honor their responsibilities to the public, their profession, and their relationships with colleagues and members of related professions. American College of Health Care Administrators, 2012) These expectations are reasonable and simple to understand. Maintaining the standard of the governing organization would not present any difficulty. In addition to the code of ethics from a superior governing organization, the center would adhere to the following principles as well: quality of care, participant rights, participant selection, appropriateness of care, representation of care and fees, conflicts of interest, accountability of member, and protection of the public. Enforcing these principles would ensure the utmost quality of service.The final ethical standard for this center would come from the National Adult Day Services Association (NADSA). NADSA gives what they refer to as the Six Domains of Health Care Quality. The work to ensure that all facilities with their certification provide care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient and equitable. A needs assessment is a systematic exploration and analysis of â€Å"the way things are† and â€Å"the way things ought to be. † A need is not a want or desire, but a gap between the current situation and the optimal situation.Using both qualitative and quantitative research, a needs assessment identifies gaps in training, programs, services and outreach efforts. Needs asses sments can be used to identify and solve performance problems in order to direct a natural resource or outdoor recreation organization's future planning efforts. Needs assessment surveys provide a way of community members what they see as the most important needs of that particular group. These surveys are important only to agencies who value community feedback.They offer an excellent opportunity to gather and score the opinions of those the agency is trying to assist. Needs assessment surveys are necessary to learn more about the communal needs, gain a more honest and objective description of needs and become more aware of issues that may have fallen under the radar. As baby boomers and others seek quality care for their parents, the adult day care industry is growing at a rate of five to fifteen percent, dependent on location. According to The National Adult Day Services Association 3,500 centers are caring for approximately 150,000 adults daily. In 1990, ADS facilities reported c osts between $30 to $35 dollars a day† (Burke, Hudson, & Eubanks, 1990). Today, cost estimates for not for- profit facilities range from $40 to $50 and for-profits range from $60 to $70 per day. The average age of the adult day center care recipient is 72, and two-thirds of all adult day center care recipients are women. Thirty-five percent of the adult day center care recipients live with an adult child, 20 percent with a spouse, 18 percent in an institutional setting, and 13 percent with parents or other relatives, while 11 percent live alone.Fifty-two percent of the adult day center care recipients using adult day services centers nationwide have some cognitive impairment. (Bauer & Moore, 2009) Since the 1970s there has been a continued growth of adult day health service programs, with the most rapid growth occurring after additional Medicaid funds became available through approved waiver programs. There is no existing federal policy regarding adult and pediatric day health services, so there is great variability among states’ approaches to adult day health services (ADHS), and rightly, great variation in programs, services, and standards.Because literature on reimbursement approaches specific to day health services was scant, long-term care literature to describe reimbursement structures and factors utilized for needs-based reimbursement systems was heavily relied on. In theory adult day services seem to offer an ideal alternative to caregivers by providing a daytime care environment outside of the home. One would think that a program where a loved one could be nurtured, stimulated and provided medical care would be a welcome relief for both the caregiver and the care-recipient. In practice it does not seem to work.To only have added about 133 new care centers a year in the entire country does not seem like enough. Yet there are thousands of nursing homes, assisted living facilities and home health agencies available coast to coast. Although i t is an extremely valuable service that should be utilized more often, no one seems to have an answer as to why adult day care has not been more popular with caregivers. As of yet, no data collection or research studies have been able to answer this question. However, several theories have been developed. First, and quite simply, care-recipients may not be comfortable with the concept.Many of the people who qualify for these services are afraid to leave their homes unless someone familiar is with them. The thought of being by themselves in a new environment is enough to convince them not to give it a chance. Second, the cost of the services might be detrimental to some caregivers. This is especially true of those with loved ones who did not qualify for one of the numerous waiver programs that are offered by the government. Third, perhaps there are not enough caregivers and families that are familiar with what services these center have to offer.Fourth, adult day care can prove to be its own worst enemy. About half of all centers are nonprofit organizations sponsored by churches or community associations. Often these places find themselves in a catch twenty-two; on one hand they charge next to nothing which does not allow them to cover all of the associated expenses. On the other hand, if they were to raise their rates, they run the risk of turning away potential clients. From 1989 to 2004 the number of ADHS facilities doubled. A survey completed in 2001 put the number of adult day care centers at 3,493 nationwide.This trend is projected to continue. In the next five to ten years, it is expected that the need for adult day care centers is going to drastically increase due to the length of time the general population lives. The average lifespan continues to increase due to advances in health care thus creating an influx of elderly citizens who will eventually need to depend on others for their care. As more and more people continue on in the workforce, they will begin to rely more heavily on adult day and adult health centers to care for their loved ones.Ideally more funding and federal regulations will come about. In addition, one can hope that the general population will become more aware of the benefits of an adult day care center. Once those two things occur, then this service can experience exponential growth while simultaneously extending a helping hand to the elderly population. References Bauer, A. , & Moore, W. (2009, October 09). Adult day service centers are vital to our growing senior population. Retrieved from http://www. journalscene. com/commentary/Adult-day-service-centers-are-vital-to-our-growing-senior-population Burke, M. Hudson, T. , & Eubanks, P. (1990). Number of adult day care centers increasing, but payment is slow. Alternate Care, 34-42. Chain of command. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/chain-of-command. html Code of ethics. (2012, August 24). Retrieved from http://www. ok. gov /osbeltca/Code_of_Ethics/ index. html How to write a mission statement that resonates. (2011). Urology Times, 39(11), 43-44. Martin, M. E. (2011). Introduction to human services: Through the eyes of practice settings. (2nd ed. Boston, MA: Pearson. Appendix Referral Agencies Adult Day Services Phone:      (405) 521-42291-800-498-7995Fax:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (405) 521-2086  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mailing Address: 2401 N. W. 23rd St. , Ste. 40 Oklahoma City, OK  Ã‚   73107 Adult Protective Services Program Oklahoma  County (405) 522-2743 Aging Services: Legal Services Shirley Cox, Legal Services Developer Phone:   (405) 521-2281Fax:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (405) 521-2086 Mailing Address: 2401 N. W. 23rd St. , Ste. 40 Oklahoma City, OK  Ã‚   73107 Area Agencies on Aging Directors Phone:   (405) 521-2281Fax:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (405) 521-2086Mailing Address: 2401 N. W. 23rd St. , Ste. 40 Oklahoma City, OK 73107 Respite Eleanor Kurtz, Programs Supervisor Phone:  Ã‚  Ã‚   (405) 522-62411-866-359-8596Fax:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (405) 521-2086 Mailing Address: 2401 N. W. 23rd St. , Ste. 40 Oklahoma City, OK  Ã‚  Ã‚   73107 State Plan Personal Care Tom Dunning, Programs Administrator State Plan Personal Care Intake Line: 1-800-435-4711 Transportation Eleanor Kurtz, Programs Supervisor Phone:  Ã‚     Ã‚  (405)  522-66831-800- 498-7995Fax:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  (405) 521-2086 Mailing Address: 2401 N. W. 23rd St. , Ste. 40 Oklahoma City, OK  Ã‚  Ã‚  73107

What is Substance Abuse Counseling

I am just starting to learn about the dynamics of substance abuse counseling. At this point, early on in my learning, I understand it to be a practice of advocacy to assist those persons with various levels of addiction in relation to drugs, alcohol and chemical dependency to a road of recovery. Substance abuse counseling identifies he source of the addiction through assessments and screening tools and offers solutions to the client.A substance abuse counselor's duty is to offer autonomy by giving advice and resources that will assist in getting clean, not to convince or to persuade them on which route to take in the road to recovery. Substance abuse counseling offers many levels of resources for recovery, in relations to addictions and illnesses that derive from or caused by the addiction, analyzing psycho and mental health, and referring them to appropriate professionals that can assist them tit the recovery process and helping them to understand how to get better.WHEN: Substance a buse counseling would be appropriate when a client indicates a need to recover from an addition or dependency. The counselor determines what course of action to take through a series of assessments and screening instruments. Counseling would be ideal as well for persons that are court-ordered to attend counseling. At this point, the courts have determined there Is an addiction or dependency issue that was derived from satellites that took place with the client prior to appointing this treatment.Counseling Is needed when a client asks for resources In relation to addiction recovery and other crawls that derive from addiction or dependency, such as family Issues, health Issues and challenges that affect the client's quality of life that were directly or Indirectly stemmed from the challenges of their addiction or dependency. A counselor would counsel because they have a desire to assist a client to recover from their addiction. My interest in assisting those with challenges of addicti on drives me to work hard to find solutions that will aid the client in recovery.Counseling is used as a tool of advocacy for clients that are in the recovery process. It has been a very effective avenue of treatment and is used because it helps to not only identify the source of the problem, but also how to recover from the problem, also to address the various areas that are connected to the root problem which is addiction. Counseling is beneficial, because of its wide scope that targets all areas of the clients problems. The referral service that counselors provide not only helps the problem, but also the other problems that derive from the core reason the client s there, which is the addiction or dependency.I'm sure there are things in this essay that may not be 100% correct when it comes down to the dynamics of counseling and â€Å"What it is†, â€Å"When we counsel† and â€Å"Why we counsel†. I believe I only have the minimal understanding of what substance abuse counseling is, but I am very determined to learn more and become fluent in its language, its debt of resources and how to effectively counsel someone. My goal is to be that bridge for someone that is addicted or dependent to a person that is completely recovered.I have high interest in this field because I have a desire to make a difference. I understand that I must continuously educate myself with knowledge in the field so that I can be the most effective resource for the client. I am learning that Counselors use a lot of tests, assessments and screening tools to determine the best course of action for the client. I think the most challenging portion of learning how to counsel is remembering what tool applies to what situation. I am sure as time progresses and I learn more about counseling and the dynamics of counseling, it will become more familiar.

CME on WTO Negotiation Issues

CME on WTO Negotiation Issues The forthcoming WTO round table negotiations to be held in Doha, Qatar will help to open up the international market, thereby ensuring increased export and import of goods and services. As such, manufacturers and exporters in Canada are convinced that the participation of Canada in the WTO negotiations is a very crucial decision. More than ever before, businesses in Canada are today enjoying friendlier rules and regulations on investment and international trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on CME on WTO Negotiation Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 1989, Canada has witnessed a two-fold increase in the dollar value of goods and services exported (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 5). 1989 is an important milestone for the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters (CME) because in this year, the Free Trade Agreement between the country and its neighbor, the United States, was launched. It is also important t o note that at the moment, Canadian exports are enjoying a three-fold rate of growth, in comparison with the country’s rate of economic growth. On the other hand, manufacturing production in Canada is mainly export-oriented, and has witnessed a two-fold rate of growth in comparison with the country’s Gross Domestic Product, a clear indication that the Canadian economy is rapidly relying on a secure and open access to the global market. This is a further justification that indeed, Canada needs to engage in the international trade in order to sustain the growth of its export/import sector. In addition, Canadian organizations have lately been seen to invest more in their abroad markets. This has seen an increasingly larger number of Canadian companies opting to open up and expand their operations in the international market (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 5). What this means is that there shall be an increase in foreign direct investment flowing from Canada to the i nternational markets where the various Canadian companies have made their investments. This is bound to increase Canadian’s export opportunity in the years ahead. In addition, this is also a chance for the various businesses in Canada to assume a participatory role in ensuring that their investments in the international markets are not subjected to discriminatory and unfair treatment. The forthcoming WTO negotiations are being held at a time when the global economy is recovering from a period of economic slowdown. As such, the new round of WTO talks is important in helping to promoting economic recovery and growth. The WTO negotiations are aimed at reducing distortions and trade barriers in as far as international trade is concerned. This is an important undertaking because it will help to improve the living standards of not just the developed nations, but also the developing ones. Will the expansion of free trade would be beneficial to the Canadian economy? The expansion of free trade would be beneficial to the Canadian economy because of the revenues generated though the sale of goods and services to consumers across the globe. This will translate into good-paying jobs and as a result, the living standard of the Canadians shall also improve. The Canadian’s economy largely depends on the ability of the country to manufacture and sell its goods and services all over the globe (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 5).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even among the Canadian population, the importance of trade in elevating their economic well-being is well understood. For example, according to the results of a poll survey commissioned jointly by both the departments of International Trade and Foreign Affairs, and which was undertaken by EKOS Research Associates Inc., it emerged that 85% of Canadians are of the opinion that internat ional trade contributes greatly to the country’s economy. 68% of the respondents to the same poll were also optimistic that when there is an increase in trade, this usually results in better paying jobs for the Canadian workforce. Canadian’s exports account for 45.6% of the country’s GOP, and this represents a 25% increase as recorded in 1990 (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 6). What this indicates is that Canada’s exports relative to the country’s GOP are four-folds those of the United States and three times that of Japan. As such, this is a clear indication that Canada is an export-oriented nation. Besides the apparent growth in Canada’s exports, there has also been a change in terms of their composition, largely because the country has now embraced the concept of a knowledge-based economy. Although such commodities as minerals, timber and grains are still important components of Canada’s merchandise exports, nonetheless, in re cent years, Canadian companies have been seen to shift towards the provision of financial, environmental and engineering services, and are now regarded as global leaders in the provision of these services. Consequently, such non-resource categories as equipment, machinery, as well as high-voltage products now account for over two-thirds of the merchandise exported from Canada (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 7). As such, the WTO negotiations shall enable Canadian companies to fully benefit from new opportunities emerging in the international market, and more so in the field of service provision. However, CME is fully aware than open trade due to free trade in the international market shall impact positively and negatively on the country’s export and import market. Once of the issues that the CME needs to take into account is the issue of competition. Nonetheless, the CME need not fear being faced with competition. This is because the uninterrupted flow of capital, goods and service across the Canadian borders shall ensure that the Canadians benefits fully from the international market. Access to the international market shall enable the Canadians to access the best goods and services from all over the world. In addition, Canadian exporters shall have the chance to sell their goods and services to the most promising markets across the globe. For example, they shall be in a better position to choose the best partnership and investment opportunities, effectively enabling them to access a poll of capital from across the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on CME on WTO Negotiation Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the Canadian market is opened to foreign competition, this shall help to boost the living standards and productivity of the Canadians in a number of ways. To start with, imports penetration shall force the Canadians to concentrate on the comparatively productive ex porting sectors and abandon the less productive ones. This is bound to raise Canada’s overall productivity (Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 7). On the other hand, domestic suppliers may opt to resist import penetration and as a result, they will be in a better position to improve the quality of their products and services, reduce costs, and enhance their productivity. Therefore, although foreign competition may not actually result in an increase of the market share, nonetheless, the ensuing spur in competition shall act to sharpen the innovative spirit of the Canadians at home. Therefore, in contrast to the trade negotiations logic, there is need for nations to open up their markets for purposes of economic interest. Would alternative strategies be suitable? If at all the world trade is to benefit from multilateral expansion, there is need to consider alternative strategies, for example, by ensuring that rules and regulations relating to the multilateral trading system a re followed. This will ensure the expansion of the Canadian export and import industry and by extension, the country’s national economy. Embracing of the WTO system would ensure impartial and automatic resolution of all forms of controversies that falls under the WTO agreements. Moreover, the system also ensures that the requirements to the agreements are clear, and those who seek to violate them are subjected to the full trade sanctions consequences. Liberalization of trade, as opposed to imposing of sanctions, would be more suitable in helping to enhance the established mechanisms for settling disputes. In addition, governments should be in a position to impose and improve their own standards, according to the situations facing them (Canadian Labour Congress 5). In addition, the interest of the general public needs to take precedence over the interests of the private sector. As a member of the WTO, the Canadian government should endeavor to pursue an agenda aimed at zero ra ting tariffs on services and goods used in pollution control devices. This is a welcome respite that demonstrates that the manufacturing sector in Canada is not just concerned with profits, but is also concerned with helping to reduce environmental pollution.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Trade barriers should also be reduced on the agricultural and energy products. The issue of imposing trade sanctions against some of the WTO member countries who have failed to implement some fundamental labor standards is likely to feature in the next negotiating round table (Canadian Labour Congress 6). Towards this end, the CME has appealed to the Canadian government to oppose any move to impose labor standards sanctions. The use of trade sanctions as a weapon of punishing poorer countries only acts to cripple the ability of such countries to enhance their domestic labor standards, in the long-term. In addition, in order to ensure the success of the new round of negotiations, it is important for the developing countries to possess the necessary training tools so that they can participate in a more meaningful way. In this regard, Canada could assume the leadership role by way of hosting/funding projects. In addition, Canada can assist the governments in the developing countries to draft and implement regulatory and economic reforms. Canadian Labour Congress. Current Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Need to Reassess Canadas Priorities. 2002. 02 March, 2011. Web. Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters. A CME Perspective on WTO Negotiating Issues. 2002. 02 March, 2011 Web.

Airport Security Essays

Airport Security Essays Airport Security Essay Airport Security Essay The section of fatherland security has spent $ 40 billion reconstructing the air power security system since September 11. 2001. Since so airdrome security has changed drastically. changed the whole world’s attitude towards airport security. The terrorist onslaught besides showed the full universe how easy the old system was to pull strings and how much betterment airdromes need before they can genuinely be considered secure. The onslaughts forced the air hose industry to regenerate and beef up their focal point on security. Many airdromes in the U. S. have introduced cultural profiling since September 11. 2001 and the grounds shows this method has helped better airdrome security. The suspects who have since 9/11/01 been picked up are at least largely Arabs ( Gale Airport Security. Opposing Point of views Online Collection ) . Security cheques are non intended to abash or harm anybody ; they are a necessary safeguard to protect all riders including Muslims. Not merely does the TSA maintain an oculus on air hose security around the Earth. but besides they have many different beds of security in our nation’s airdromes. The newest and most polemically is the full organic structure scanner. These x-ray machines strip a individual down to their birthday suit. Airport screeners are now federal employees. Peoples are now holding to wait longer to be able to go through thru security line to look into in. many travellers get pulled aside for full organic structure hunts. There are 40 active full organic structure scanners at 19 different airdromes. by the terminal of the twelvemonth functionaries would wish 500 in topographic point. Today forty five 1000s employees are working as passenger’s screeners in more than four 100 airdromes around the state. Our top precedence is the safety of the going public. and TSA invariably strives to research and implement new engineerings that enhance security and strengthen privateness protections for the going public . ( TSA Takes Next Steps to Further Enhance Passenger Privacy. ) Though airport security was enforced. there was another incident. On Christmas December 25. 2009. a 23 twelvemonth old Nigerian named Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to explode explosives aboard a Northwest Airlines flight going from Amsterdam to Detroit. Michigan. Abdulmutallab had hidden fictile explosives in his underclothes. which had gone undetected during the rider testing procedure. Abdulmutallab had besides been identified as holding connexion to the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda less than two months before the attempted bombardment. and his ain male parent had contacted the American embassy in Nigeria to warn them of his son’s extremist beliefs. The lone ground the bombardment Failed was because abdulmutallab did non decently trip the device. and other riders aboard the plane subdued him. Two hebdomads after that incident Obama disposal mandated excess scrutiny- including full organic structure glib downs- for people winging into the United States from 14 largely Moslem states. Under the new regulations. all citizens of Afghanistan. Algeria. Lebanon. Libya. Iraq. Nigeria. Pakistan. Saudi Arabia. Somalia and Yemen must have a rap down and an excess cheque of their carry-on bags before get oning a plane edge for the united provinces. functionaries said. Citizens of Cuba. Iran. Sudan and Syria- states considered state patrons of terrorism ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) . Airlines are still responsible for look intoing rider information against government-issued ticker lists intended to flag potentially unsafe travellers. Two of the lists are frequently referred to as the No-Fly ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) list. are the Terrorist Watch List . ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) and travellers looking on these lists are capable to more elaborate hunt or in the instance of the No Fly list. are denied the ability to go. We should appreciate that the airdrome security is doing our trip safe and unafraid. Any incommodiousness people feel is unimportant compared with salvaging lives by forestalling terrorist onslaughts.

Behaviour, Decision & Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behaviour, Decision & Markets - Essay Example Proponents of such controversial experiments believe that most people’s behaviors are well explained by self-interest assumptions. This left other-regarding preferences to be viewed as forces of retaliation from the strengths of the self-interest perspectives (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). The experiment of quickly converging markets became applicable to confirm the hypothesis that is opposing to the other-preference hypothesis. On the contrary, supporters of other preference theory performed the bargain and corporation experiment, which disputed the outcomes of the quickly converging markets. They recommended that the self-interest hypothesis findings were premature and are not rationally applicable in explaining the fundamental aspects of human behavior. The self-interested decision choices are simple and are majorly used when dealing with straightforward and human behavior that is so easy to understand. Complex and hard to comprehend human behavior can only be explained us ing the other preference theory (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). Deducing from such concrete evidence, the question that remains unanswered is not whether self- interest is the choice or other preference. It is only important to note that in what conditions we can say that this or that condition has both economic and social effects. Hence, which is the best guideline to give a description and model these preferences. For example, other regarding preferences do not thrive well in competitive markets but this cannot be used to make conclusions that they do not exist. This impact is only realizable with rational individuals who will find it prudent not to expose their other-preference behavior in such market conditions since they are aware that they will never reap the outcomes given that the effects are not felt, in addition, the efforts to do the previously mentioned may be so costly (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). Outside the competitive markets where other-preference model can be ap plied has a series of economic activities that take place. These activities may be in small markets with small traders, markets with undefined frictions, contractually enforceable firms and organizations with contracts, which are incomplete and unenforceable. The models with self- interest assumptions may most of the time result into predictions, which are unpredictable and misleading with those made by other preference models being quite accurate. The economist stresses the fact that other people may be strongly convicted to serving others right by making sure that there welfare is in the right place, with a lot of justice and reciprocity. On the contrary, experiments also have it there are other individuals who are extremely callous and selfish, they don’t give regards to the welfare of the others even when such opportunities are availed to them at relatively low or no costs (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). The relation between such two completely contrasting individuals pre sents a strategic setting for managers in organizations to analyze behavior and find out what exists and defines fairness and selfishness. The derivations will tend to give explanations as to whether some people will tend to behave in a just and fairness in some settings in very different environmental conditions while it is the same people who will behave extremely

Communication Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication Security - Essay Example Frequently, one would desire to make use of various cryptographic equipment with estimated, noisy, and non-uniformly disseminated keys, rather than the exact, sternly random strings that are typically needed. Similarly â€Å"fuzzy† secret could be assessed on somewhat concealed biometric characteristics a retinal scan rather than a thumbprint. For instance, it could be a long password incorrectly dedicated to memory, or one’s impulsive reactions to a list of personal questions. If at all possible, someone would be looking for a wide variety of techniques to alter some of the above into cryptographically powerful keys practical for a variety of purposes. Hence, a number of structures geared toward precise applications have surfaced in the previous few years.The application of fuzzy cryptography can offer an excellent support for potential enhancement of network communication error correction and security. It is an admitted fact that the application of next-generation sec urity mechanisms has offered much better support and network security which have improved the security of a communication network. With the evolution of penetration through mobile devices in current years, safety and privacy threats, as well as security necessities correspondingly, have multiplied. In fact, it has augmented a wide variety of threats, though, is indistinct to wireless networks and mobile users as security methods are supposed as a hassle for the reason that they are not inconspicuous as well as might divert from high-level jobs. (Boyen; Dodis, Reyzin and Smith; Al-saggaf and Acharya). The basic purpose of this research is to assess the application of fuzzy cryptography for achieving feasible network security and offering better security means that are less unobtrusive or even obtrusive? Proposed Solution For the application of better security through fuzzy cryptography, the proposed idea is to make use of context (sensor generated, state reliant content for example ambient audio, location or ambient light) as an embedded method to implement a fundamental level of privacy and security. In fact, this context can be employed as frequent secret codes amongst devices in the similar